GARR Foundation — Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam ZERO RESEARCH FUNDING Lab

PHYSICAL HARDWARE EQUIVALENT

X-Ray Diffractometer Setup

Interactive Bragg's law lattice & $2\theta$ diffraction peak simulator for crystal structure analysis.

IIT / IISc PHYSICAL SETUP COST

₹15,000,000 to ₹45,000,000
(₹1.5Cr - ₹4.5Cr)

Requires high-voltage X-ray tubes, goniometers, scintillation detectors, and chilled radiation safety chambers.

INDIAN INSTITUTES PHYSICAL DEPLOYMENT

IISc Bengaluru, IIT Bombay, IIT Madras, IIT Kanpur

Materials Science, Metallurgy & Central Research Facility (CRF) XRD Labs.

KALAM LAB ONLINE REPLACEMENT COST
₹0 (100% Free Open-Source)
Runs directly in browser on any smartphone, tablet, or budget PC. Implemented in JS (HTML5 Canvas + Plotly.js).

Lab Modules & Experiments

Select a metallurgical crystallography experiment to simulate X-ray interference and compute diffraction spectra:

Experiment 1: Verification of Bragg's Law ($n\lambda = 2d\sin\theta$) — Observe constructive interference across atomic lattice planes.
Experiment 2: Crystal System & Miller Indices — Evaluate diffraction peaks for FCC (Copper, Aluminum) and BCC (Iron) lattices.
Experiment 3: Crystallite Size Broadening (Scherrer Equation) — Analyze peak FWHM variations based on grain size ($L = \frac{K\lambda}{\beta\cos\theta}$).

Interactive Workbench — Experiment 1: Verification of Bragg's Law ● Diffractometer Active

X-Ray Target Source ($\lambda$)

Crystal Structure (Lattice)

Incidence Angle ($\theta$): 21.8°

Crystallite Size ($L$): 20 nm

Atomic Lattice & X-Ray Beam Raytrace

Diffraction Spectrum ($I$ vs $2\theta$)

Lattice Spacing ($d_{hkl}$)

2.088 Å

Path Difference ($\Delta s$)

1.541 Å

Diffraction Angle ($2\theta$)

43.6°