GopalKrishna Advanced Rural Research Foundation (GARRF) is committed to producing impactful research that addresses real-world challenges in engineering, agriculture, artificial intelligence, healthcare, management, education, environmental sustainability, and rural development.

Patents, Innovations & Technology Transfer

GARRF is committed to translating cutting-edge research into practical technologies through patents, intellectual property, engineering innovations, and Artificial Intelligence solutions for global impact.

2025

Smart AI Thermal Tiles: Futuristic Cooling with Automated Ventilation for Variable Air Volume using Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

Inventor: Dr. Venu Gopal Madhav Annamdas

Patent: Singapore Provisional Patent

Application Number: 10202500352S

Filed: 7 February 2025

A next-generation AI-powered thermal management technology utilizing Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) for intelligent ventilation, energy-efficient cooling, smart buildings, green infrastructure, and future sustainable cities.

Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning HVAC Smart Buildings Energy Saving
2024

Cover Lens and a Method of Fabricating a Cover Lens

Patent Publication: United Kingdom Patent Application

Application: GB2217775.2

International Publication: WO2024115037A1

Published: 6 June 2024

Research carried out at the NTU–Continental Corporate Laboratory, Singapore, for advanced automotive display systems, optical engineering, and next-generation intelligent vehicle technologies.

Patent Publication Project Video
2013

Electromechanical Charge Density (EMCD) and Wave Form Propagation (WFP) Methods for Diagnostics of Engineering Materials, Components and Structures

Inventors: Annamdas V. G. M. & Pang J. H. L.

Patent Type: Singapore Provisional Patent

Filed: 25 July 2013

Protection Period: 2013–2014

A pioneering diagnostic methodology using Electromechanical Charge Density (EMCD) and Wave Form Propagation (WFP) for structural diagnostics, damage assessment, and smart sensing applications.

Nature Protocol Exchange

Innovation Portfolio

3+

Patent Families

20+

Years of Innovation

AI

Artificial Intelligence

SG

Singapore IP

Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles

The Founder of GARRF, Dr. Venu Gopal Madhav Annamdas, has authored more than 30 peer-reviewed international journal publications in Structural Health Monitoring, Artificial Intelligence, Smart Materials, Metamaterials, Sensors, Civil Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Nondestructive Evaluation, and Sustainable Infrastructure.

Research Profile
  • 30+ International Journal Publications
  • Publications from 2006–2024
  • Majority indexed in Scopus
  • Published by Springer, Elsevier, MDPI, SAGE, Taylor & Francis, ASCE, IOP and Wiley.
International Journal Publications (2006–2024)
2024
Robotic AI-Driven Communication Modules for Enhanced Piezo-Metamaterial Sensing and Structural Health Monitoring

Authors: Madhav A.V.G.

Journal of Materials Applied Science, Vol.5(1):1010

2019
A Perspective of Non-Fiber-Optical Metamaterial and Piezoelectric Material Sensing in Automated Structural Health Monitoring

Authors: Annamdas V.G.M., Soh C.K.

Sensors Scopus Indexed

Publisher
2018
Application of Metamaterial Surface Plasmon and Waveguide for Robotic-Arm Based Structural Health Monitoring

Authors: Annamdas V.G.M., Soh C.K.

Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation Scopus Indexed

2017
Load Monitoring Using Calibrated Piezo Diaphragm Based Impedance Strain Sensor and Wireless Sensor Network in Real Time

Authors: Annamdas V.G.M., Soh C.K.

Smart Materials and Structures Scopus Indexed

2017
Evaluation of Peak-Free Electromechanical Piezo-Impedance and Electromagnetic Contact Sensing Using Metamaterial Surface Plasmons for Load Monitoring

Authors: Annamdas V.G.M., Soh C.K.

Smart Materials and Structures Scopus Indexed

2017
Applications of Structural Health Monitoring Technology in Asia

Authors: Annamdas V.G.M., Bhalla S., Soh C.K.

Structural Health Monitoring Scopus Indexed

2017
Crack Monitoring Using Multiple Smart Materials: Fiber-Optic Sensors and Piezo Sensors

Authors: Maheshwari M., Annamdas V.G.M., Pang J.H.L., Asundi A., Tjin S.C.

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials Scopus Indexed

2016
Contactless Load Monitoring in Near-Field with Surface Localized Spoof Plasmons—A New Breed of Metamaterials for Health of Engineering Structures

Authors: Annamdas V.G.M., Soh C.K.

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical Scopus Indexed

2015
A Novel Methodology for Multi-Scale Damage Detection Using Piezoelectric Impedance Technique

Authors: Annamdas V.G.M., Soh C.K.

Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing Scopus Indexed

2015
Fatigue Crack Monitoring of Metallic Structures Using Piezoelectric Impedance Technique

Authors: Annamdas V.G.M., Soh C.K.

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures Scopus Indexed

2014
Fatigue Growth Analysis of Pre-Induced Surface Defects Using Piezoelectric Wafer Based Impedance Method and Digital Image Correlation System

Authors: Annamdas V.G.M., Soh C.K.

Experimental Mechanics Scopus Indexed

2014
Structural Health Monitoring of Engineering Structures Using Smart Piezoelectric Sensors

Authors: Annamdas V.G.M.

Smart Materials Research Scopus Indexed

2013
Electromechanical Impedance of Piezoelectric Transducers for Monitoring Metallic and Non-Metallic Structures

Authors: Annamdas V.G.M., Soh C.K.

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures ⭐ Most Downloaded Paper Scopus Indexed

2013
Structural Health Monitoring Using Electromechanical Impedance Technique: A State-of-the-Art Review

Authors: Annamdas V.G.M.

Structural Health Monitoring Scopus Indexed

2012
Practical Implementation of Piezo-Impedance Sensors in Monitoring Excavation Support Structures

Authors: Annamdas V.G.M., Soh C.K.

Structural Control and Health Monitoring Scopus Indexed

2011
Smart Piezoelectric Sensor Applications for Damage Identification in Civil Infrastructure

Authors: Annamdas V.G.M.

Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring Scopus Indexed

2011
Review on Developments in Fiber Optical Sensors and Applications

Authors: Annamdas V. G. M.

International Journal of Materials Engineering Vol.1(1), pp.1–16

2010
Application of Electromechanical Impedance Technique for Engineering Structures: Review and Future Issues

Authors: Annamdas V. G. M., Soh C. K.

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures Vol.21(1), pp.41–59 Scopus Indexed

2010
Parallel Interrogation of Piezoceramic Transducers in Electromechanical Impedance Technique for Quick Damage Detection

Authors: Liu H., Yang Y., Annamdas V. G. M.

Materials and Manufacturing Processes Vol.25(4), pp.249–254 Scopus Indexed

2010
Impedance Based Concrete Monitoring Using Embedded PZT Sensors

Authors: Annamdas V. G. M., Yang Y., Soh C. K.

International Journal of Civil & Structural Engineering Vol.1(3), pp.414–424

2009
Monitoring Damage Propagation Using PZT Impedance Transducers

Authors: Yang Y., Liu H., Annamdas V. G. M., Soh C. K.

Smart Materials and Structures Vol.18(4), Article 045003 Scopus Indexed

2008
Multiplexing and Uniplexing of PZT Transducers for Structural Health Monitoring

Authors: Madhav A. V. G., Soh C. K.

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures Vol.19(4), pp.457–467 Scopus Indexed

2008
Application of Multiplexed FBG and PZT Impedance Sensors for Health Monitoring of Rocks

Authors: Yang Y., Annamdas V. G. M., Wang C., Zhou Y.

Sensors Vol.8(1), pp.271–289 Scopus Indexed

2008
Three Dimensional Electromechanical Impedance Model for Multiple Piezoceramic Transducers–Structure Interaction Model

Authors: Annamdas V. G. M., Soh C. K.

Journal of Aerospace Engineering (ASCE) Vol.21(1), pp.35–44 Scopus Indexed

2007
Influence of Loading on the Electromechanical Admittance of Piezoceramic Transducers

Authors: Annamdas V. G. M., Yang Y., Soh C. K.

Smart Materials and Structures
Volume 16, Issue 5, pp. 1888–1897 Scopus Indexed

2007
Electromechanical Impedance Model of Piezoceramic Transducer–Structure in Presence of Thick Adhesive Bonding

Authors: Madhav A. V. G., Soh C. K.

Smart Materials and Structures
Volume 16, Issue 3, pp. 673–686 Scopus Indexed

2007
Three Dimensional Electromechanical Impedance Model II: Damage Analysis and PZT Characterization

Authors: Annamdas V. G. M., Soh C. K.

Journal of Aerospace Engineering (ASCE)
Volume 20, Issue 1, pp. 63–71 Scopus Indexed

2007
Three Dimensional Electromechanical Impedance Model I: Formulation of Directional Sum Impedance

Authors: Annamdas V. G. M., Soh C. K.

Journal of Aerospace Engineering (ASCE)
Volume 20, Issue 1, pp. 53–62 Scopus Indexed

2006
Embedded Piezoelectric Ceramic Transducers in Sandwiched Beams

Authors: Annamdas V. G. M., Soh C. K.

Smart Materials and Structures
Volume 15, Issue 2, pp. 538–549 Scopus Indexed

Journal Publication Summary

31+

Journal Publications

2006–2024

Research Period

10+

Leading International Journals

100%

Peer Reviewed

Nature Protocols & Research Methods

Research methodologies and scientific protocols published to support reproducible research, structural health monitoring, robotics, metamaterials and smart sensing technologies.

2018

Sensitivity Analysis of Metamaterial Surface Plasmon and Waveguide for Monitoring Metal Surface Profile and Concrete Crack/Separation Using Robotic-Arm Based Structural Health Monitoring

Authors: Annamdas V. G. M., Annamdas S. V. K., Soh C. K.

Published in: Nature Protocol Exchange

DOI: 10.1038/protex.2018.073

Published online: 30 May 2018

View Protocol

Conference Proceedings

1998
Stabilization of Soils

Authors: Annamdas V. G. M. and Soma S.

National Symposium on Developments in Civil Engineering, Adhiparasakti Engineering College, Melmaruvathur, Anna University, Tamil Nadu, India. February 24–28, 1998.

National Conference
2006
Multiple PZT–Host Structure Interaction Model

Authors: Annamdas V. G. M. and Soh C. K.

SPIE Symposium, San Diego, California, USA. Proc. SPIE Vol.6174, Paper 61743G.

SPIE USA
2007
Influence of Loading on Structures Actuated with Piezoceramic Transducers

Authors: Annamdas V. G. M., Yang Y., Soh C. K.

SPIE Symposium, Adelaide, Australia. Proc. SPIE Vol.6414, Paper 64140X.

SPIE Australia
2008
Monitoring Buckling of Metal Structures using PZT Transducers

Authors: Annamdas V. G. M., Yang Y., Aiwei M.

IMAC-XXVI Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, Orlando, Florida, USA. Paper No.264.

IMAC
2008
Current Developments in Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors and Their Applications

Authors: Annamdas V. G. M., Yang Y., Liu H.

SPIE Symposium, San Diego, California, USA. Proc. SPIE Vol.6932, Paper 69320D.

SPIE
2008
Damage Propagation Study using PZT–Structure Interaction Based Impedance Model

Authors: Liu H., Yang Y., Annamdas V. G. M.

SPIE Symposium, San Diego, California, USA. Proc. SPIE Vol.6934, Paper 693410.

SPIE
2008
Sensing Technology for Damage Assessment of Sign Supports and Cantilever Poles

Authors: Rizzo P., Kachin J., Annamdas V., Bruck J.

25th Annual International Bridge Conference, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Paper W-16.

IBC
2008
Parallel Interrogation of Piezo-Impedance Transducers for Quick Damage Detection

Authors: Liu H., Yang Y., Annamdas V. G. M.

MFMS Conference, Hong Kong, China. Paper MF147-2.

Hong Kong
2009
Health Monitoring of Concrete Structures using Embedded Piezoceramic Transducers Based Electromechanical Impedance Model

Authors: Annamdas V. G. M., Radhika M. A., Soh C. K.

SPIE Symposium, San Diego, California, USA. Proc. SPIE 7292, Paper 729225.

SPIE Structural Health Monitoring
2009
Easy Installation Method of PZT Transducers for Health Monitoring of Structures using Electromechanical Impedance Technique

Authors: Annamdas V. G. M., Radhika M. A., Yang Y.

SPIE Symposium, San Diego, California, USA. Proc. SPIE 7292, Paper 729227.

SPIE
2009
Active and Passive Interaction Mechanism of Smart Materials for Health Monitoring of Engineering Structures

Authors: Annamdas V. G. M., Annamdas K. K.

SPIE Symposium, San Diego, California, USA. Proc. SPIE 7292, Paper 72921G.

SPIE Smart Materials
2009
Different Types of Piezoceramic-Structure Interaction Models using Electromechanical Impedance Technique

Authors: Annamdas V. G. M., Annamdas K. K.

SPIE Symposium, San Diego, California, USA. Proc. SPIE 7292, Paper 72922C.

SPIE
2009
Experimental Study on Sensing Capability of Fibre Optic and Piezoceramic Sensors for Application in Engineering Structures

Authors: Yang Y., Liu H., Annamdas V. G. M.

SPIE Symposium, San Diego, California, USA. Proc. SPIE 7292, Paper 72923S.

SPIE Fiber Optics
2009
Wireless Sensing using Piezo-Ceramic Transducers for Structural Health Monitoring

Authors: Yang Y., Liu H., Annamdas V. G. M.

SPIE Symposium, San Diego, California, USA. Proc. SPIE 7292, Paper 72920D.

SPIE Wireless Sensing
2009
Influence of the Excitation Frequency in the Electromechanical Impedance Method for SHM Applications

Authors: Annamdas V. G. M., Rizzo P.

SPIE Symposium, San Diego, California, USA. Proc. SPIE 7293, Paper 72930V.

SPIE SHM
2010
Monitoring Concrete by Means of Embedded Electromechanical Impedance Sensors

Authors: Annamdas V. G. M., Rizzo P.

SPIE Symposium, California, USA. Paper No. 7647-71.

SPIE Concrete Monitoring
2010
Review on Developments in Fiber Optical Sensors and Applications

Authors: Annamdas K. K. K. and Annamdas V. G. M.

SPIE Defense, Security and Sensing, Orlando, Florida, USA. April 2010. Paper No. 7677-26.

SPIE Fiber Optic Sensors
2010
Impedance Based Sensor Technology to Monitor Stiffness of Biological Structures

Authors: Annamdas V. G. M. and Annamdas K. K. K.

SPIE Defense, Security and Sensing, Orlando, Florida, USA. April 2010. Paper No. 7673-32.

SPIE Biomedical Sensors
2010
Piezo Impedance Sensors to Monitor Degradation of Biological Structures

Authors: Annamdas K. K. K. and Annamdas V. G. M.

SPIE Defense, Security and Sensing, Orlando, Florida, USA. April 2010. Paper No. 7673-28.

SPIE
2011
A Review on Inter Basin Transfer of Water

Authors: Boddu M., Gaayam T., Annamdas V. G. M.

4th International Perspectives on Water Resources and the Environment (IPWE 2011 / ASCE), National University of Singapore, Singapore. January 2011.

ASCE Water Resources
2011
Effects of Climate Change on Environmental and Water Resources: A Review

Authors: Vinnakota S. S., Kavuri M., Annamdas V. G. M.

IPWE 2011 / ASCE Conference, National University of Singapore, Singapore. January 2011.

ASCE Climate Change
2011
Water Supply and Sanitation: An Overview

Authors: Gaayam T., Vinnakota S. S., Annamdas V. G. M.

IPWE 2011 / ASCE Conference, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Poster Presentation.

Poster ASCE
2011
New Methods of Artificial Recharge of Aquifers: A Review

Authors: Kavuri M., Boddu M., Annamdas V. G. M.

IPWE 2011 / ASCE Conference, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Poster Presentation.

Poster ASCE
2012
Application of Three Dimensional Electromechanical Impedance Model for Damage Assessment of Plate

Authors: Annamdas V. G. M., Yang Y., Park S.

SPIE Symposium, Adelaide, Australia. Proc. SPIE Vol. 8345, Paper 83451Z.

SPIE Australia
2012
Application of Neural Networks for Piezoelectric Sensor Based Strength Monitoring of Concrete Cube

Authors: Duggal G., Annamdas V. G. M., Verma S.

International Conference on Advances in Design and Construction of Structures (ADCS 2012), Bangalore, India, 19–20 October 2012. Paper No. 518, DOI: 02.ADCS.2012.1.518

International Conference Neural Networks
2013
Durability and Remaining Useful Fatigue Life Assessment of Welded Joint using Impedance and Wave Propagation Techniques

Authors: Annamdas V. G. M., Pang J. H. L., Soh C. K.

20th CIRP International Conference on Life Cycle Engineering, Singapore, 17–19 April 2013. Published by Springer.

Springer CIRP
2013
Detecting and Monitoring Stress on Beams using Lamb Waves

Authors: Annamdas V. G. M., Chee M. F. K., Pang J. H. L.

20th CIRP International Conference on Life Cycle Engineering, Singapore, 17–19 April 2013. Published by Springer.

Springer
2013
Structural Health Monitoring of Concrete Structures using Electromechanical Impedance Technique

Authors: Verma S., Madhav A. V. G., Duggal G.

IEEE International Conference on Advances in Technology and Engineering (ICATE), Mumbai, India, 23–25 January 2013. DOI: 10.1109/ICAdTE.2013.6524720

IEEE
2014
Fatigue Monitoring of Double Surface Defects using PZT-Based Electromechanical Impedance and Digital Image Correlation Methods

Authors: Annamdas V. G. M., Pang J. H. L., Chew Y., Hoh H. J., Zhou K., Song B.

11th International Congress on Fatigue, Melbourne, Australia, 2014. Advanced Materials Research.

International Congress
2014
Strength Monitoring of Engineered Cementitious Composites using Piezoelectric Based Smart Material

Authors: Luo X., Annamdas V. G. M., Soh C. K.

International Conference on Energy, Environment and Materials Engineering (EEME 2014). Published by DEStech Publications, USA. Pages 742–746.

EEME DEStech Publications
2015
Fibre Optic Sensors for Load–Displacement Measurements and their Comparison with Piezo Sensor Based Electromechanical Admittance Signatures

Authors: Maheshwari M., Annamdas V. G. M., Pang J. H. L., Tjin S. C., Asundi A. K.

SPIE Smart Structures and Nondestructive Evaluation, San Diego, California, USA, 2015. Proc. SPIE 9437, Paper 94370V. DOI: 10.1117/12.2084039

SPIE Fiber Optic Sensors
2015
Damage Monitoring using Fiber Optic Sensors and Electromechanical Admittance Signatures obtained from Piezo Sensors

Authors: Maheshwari M., Annamdas V. G. M., Pang J. H. L., Tjin S. C., Asundi A. K.

SPIE Micro+Nano Materials, Devices and Systems, Sydney, Australia, 2015. Proc. SPIE 9668, Paper 966816. DOI: 10.1117/12.2202547

SPIE
2015
Applications of Structural Health Monitoring Technology in Asia (Keynote Article K3)

Authors: C. K. Soh, V. G. M. Annamdas, S. Bhalla

10th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, Stanford University, California, USA, 1–3 September 2015.

Keynote Stanford University
2015
Influence of Loading on the Near Field Based Passive Metamaterial in Structural Health Monitoring

Authors: V. G. M. Annamdas, C. K. Soh

10th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, Stanford University, California, USA, Paper ID: 0633

Stanford University
2015
Statistical Analysis of Angular and Linear Directional Damages using Impedance Based Structural Health Monitoring

Authors: J. Liu, K. Cai, V. G. M. Annamdas, C. K. Soh

Third Conference on Smart Monitoring, Assessment and Rehabilitation of Civil Structures (SMAR 2015), Antalya, Turkey, Paper No.104

SMAR
2015
Sensitivity Analysis of Bonding and Bonding-Free Impedance Based Structural Health Monitoring

Authors: K. Cai, J. Liu, V. G. M. Annamdas, C. K. Soh

Third Conference on Smart Monitoring, Assessment and Rehabilitation of Civil Structures (SMAR 2015), Antalya, Turkey, Paper No.107

SMAR

36

Conference Papers

12+

Countries

SPIE • IEEE • ASCE

Major International Conferences

1998–2015

Conference Research Timeline

Become a Research Partner

GARRF

Knowledge
Innovation
Impact

Quick Links

Home
About
Divisions
Research
Internships
Publications
Contact

Connect With Us

LinkedIn

help_desk@garrf.in

www.garrf.in

India

© 2026 GopalKrishna Advanced Rural Research Foundation (GARRF)

Powered by the Elders and Grandparents of Shantanu and the Parents of Dr. Venu Gopal Madhav Annamdas

Mr. Annamdas Lakshmi Narayana & Mrs. Annamdas Janaki

Special Thanks to Mrs. Radhika Madhav Annamdas for her continuous encouragement, inspiration and support towards the Foundation.

With sincere appreciation to our National and International Advisors, Collaborators, Researchers, Volunteers and Student Interns for their valuable contributions towards advancing science, technology and rural innovation.